HTML Styles - CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.
What is CSS?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to format the layout of a webpage.
With CSS, you can control the color, font, the size of text, the spacing between elements, how elements are positioned and laid out, what background images or background colors are to be used, different displays for different devices and screen sizes, and much more!
Using CSS
CSS can be added to HTML documents in 3 ways:
Inline - by using the
style
attribute inside HTML elementsInternal - by using a
<style>
element in the<head>
sectionExternal - by using a
<link>
element to link to an external CSS file
The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in external CSS files. However, in this tutorial we will use inline and internal styles, because this is easier to demonstrate, and easier for you to try it yourself.
Inline CSS
An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.
An inline CSS uses the style
attribute of an HTML element.
The following example sets the text color of the <h1>
element to blue, and the text color of the <p>
element to red:
Internal CSS
An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page.
An internal CSS is defined in the <head>
section of an HTML page, within a <style>
element.
The following example sets the text color of ALL the <h1>
elements (on that page) to blue, and the text color of ALL the <p>
elements to red. In addition, the page will be displayed with a "powderblue" background color:
External CSS
An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages.
To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the <head>
section of each HTML page:
The external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file must not contain any HTML code, and must be saved with a .css extension.
Here is what the "styles.css" file looks like:
CSS Colors, Fonts and Sizes
Here, we will demonstrate some commonly used CSS properties. You will learn more about them later.
The CSS color
property defines the text color to be used.
The CSS font-family
property defines the font to be used.
The CSS font-size
property defines the text size to be used.
Link to External CSS
Summary
Use the HTML
style
attribute for inline stylingUse the HTML
<style>
element to define internal CSSUse the HTML
<link>
element to refer to an external CSS fileUse the HTML
<head>
element to store <style> and <link> elementsUse the CSS
color
property for text colorsUse the CSS
font-family
property for text fontsUse the CSS
font-size
property for text sizesUse the CSS
border
property for bordersUse the CSS
padding
property for space inside the borderUse the CSS
margin
property for space outside the border
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