HTML Responsive Web Design

Responsive web design is about creating web pages that look good on all devices! A responsive web design will automatically adjust for different screen sizes and viewports.

What is Responsive Web Design?

Responsive Web Design is about using HTML and CSS to automatically resize, hide, shrink, or enlarge, a website, to make it look good on all devices (desktops, tablets, and phones):

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.menu {
  float: left;
  width: 20%;
}
.menuitem {
  padding: 8px;
  margin-top: 7px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f1f1;
}
.main {
  float: left;
  width: 60%;
  padding: 0 20px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.right {
  background-color: lightblue;
  float: left;
  width: 20%;
  padding: 10px 15px;
  margin-top: 7px;
}

@media only screen and (max-width:800px) {
  /* For tablets: */
  .main {
    width: 80%;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .right {
    width: 100%;
  }
}
@media only screen and (max-width:500px) {
  /* For mobile phones: */
  .menu, .main, .right {
    width: 100%;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body style="font-family:Verdana;">

<div style="background-color:#f1f1f1;padding:15px;">
  <h1>Cinque Terre</h1>
  <h3>Resize the browser window</h3>
</div>

<div style="overflow:auto">
  <div class="menu">
    <div class="menuitem">The Walk</div>
    <div class="menuitem">Transport</div>
    <div class="menuitem">History</div>
    <div class="menuitem">Gallery</div>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
    <h2>The Walk</h2>
    <p>The walk from Monterosso to Riomaggiore will take you approximately two hours, give or take an hour depending on the weather conditions and your physical shape.</p>
    <img src="img_5terre.jpg" style="width:100%">
  </div>

  <div class="right">
    <h2>What?</h2>
    <p>Cinque Terre comprises five villages: Monterosso, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore.</p>
    <h2>Where?</h2>
    <p>On the northwest cost of the Italian Riviera, north of the city La Spezia.</p>
    <h2>Price?</h2>
    <p>The Walk is free!</p>
  </div>
</div>


<div style="background-color:#f1f1f1;text-align:center;padding:10px;margin-top:7px;font-size:12px;"> This web page is a part of a demonstration of fluid web design made by w3schools.com. Resize the browser window to see the content respond to the resizing.</div>

</body>
</html>

Responsive Images

Responsive images are images that scale nicely to fit any browser size.

Using the width Property

If the CSS width property is set to 100%, the image will be responsive and scale up and down:

<img src="img_girl.jpg" style="width:100%;">

Using the max-width Property

If the max-width property is set to 100%, the image will scale down if it has to, but never scale up to be larger than its original size:

<img src="img_girl.jpg" style="max-width:100%;height:auto;">

Show Different Images Depending on Browser Width

The HTML <picture> element allows you to define different images for different browser window sizes.

Resize the browser window to see how the image below changes depending on the width:

<picture>
  <source srcset="img_smallflower.jpg" media="(max-width: 600px)">
  <source srcset="img_flowers.jpg" media="(max-width: 1500px)">
  <source srcset="flowers.jpg">
  <img src="img_smallflower.jpg" alt="Flowers">
</picture>im

Responsive Text Size

The text size can be set with a "vw" unit, which means the "viewport width".

That way the text size will follow the size of the browser window:

Hello World

Resize the browser window to see how the text size scales.

<h1 style="font-size:10vw">Hello World</h1>

Media Queries

In addition to resize text and images, it is also common to use media queries in responsive web pages.

With media queries you can define completely different styles for different browser sizes.

Example: resize the browser window to see that the three div elements below will display horizontally on large screens and stack vertically on small screens:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.left {
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 20px;
  float: left;
  width: 20%; /* The width is 20%, by default */
}

.main {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 20px;
  float: left;
  width: 60%; /* The width is 60%, by default */
}

.right {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
  padding: 20px;
  float: left;
  width: 20%; /* The width is 20%, by default */
}

/* Use a media query to add a break point at 800px: */
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .left, .main, .right {
    width: 100%; /* The width is 100%, when the viewport is 800px or smaller */
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Media Queries</h2>
<p>Resize the browser window.</p>

<p>Make sure you reach the breakpoint at 800px when resizing this frame.</p>

<div class="left">
  <p>Left Menu</p>
</div>

<div class="main">
  <p>Main Content</p>
</div>

<div class="right">
  <p>Right Content</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Responsive Web Page - Full Example

A responsive web page should look good on large desktop screens and on small mobile phones.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.menu {
  float: left;
  width: 20%;
  text-align: center;
}

.menu a {
  background-color: #e5e5e5;
  padding: 8px;
  margin-top: 7px;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  color: black;
}

.main {
  float: left;
  width: 60%;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

.right {
  background-color: #e5e5e5;
  float: left;
  width: 20%;
  padding: 15px;
  margin-top: 7px;
  text-align: center;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 620px) {
  /* For mobile phones: */
  .menu, .main, .right {
    width: 100%;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body style="font-family:Verdana;color:#aaaaaa;">

<div style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:15px;text-align:center;">
  <h1>Hello World</h1>
</div>

<div style="overflow:auto">
  <div class="menu">
    <a href="#">Link 1</a>
    <a href="#">Link 2</a>
    <a href="#">Link 3</a>
    <a href="#">Link 4</a>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
    <h2>Lorum Ipsum</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.</p>
  </div>

  <div class="right">
    <h2>About</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.</p>
  </div>
</div>

<div style="background-color:#e5e5e5;text-align:center;padding:10px;margin-top:7px;">© copyright CodingZoneBD.com</div>

</body>
</html>
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